PERUBAHAN POSISI BIBIR BAWAH PADA PERAWATAN MALOKLUSI KELAS II DIVISI 2 DENGAN PENCABUTAN GIGI PREMOLAR

Albert Suryaprawira

Abstract


Latar belakang: Maloklusi  adalah kelainan pada gigi dan mulut yang terjadi sejak masa anak-anak periode gigi bercampur.  Perawatan ortodonti tidak hanya untuk gigi saja, akan tetapi untuk memperbaiki penyimpangan morfologis dan kompleks dentofasial. Kasus Kelas II Divisi 2 memiliki angka insidensi 10 persen. Dalam perawatan ortodonti, untuk mendapatkan ruangan di susunan gigi geligi dengan cara pencabutan gigi premolar, yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi jaringan lunak mulut terutama posisi bibir bawah pasien (bibir bawah lebih mundur dari sebelum perawatan). Namun respon dari jaringan lunak tiap individu memang berbeda beda. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui efek pencabutan gigi premolar terhadap posisi bibir bawah pada pasien Makoklusi Kelas II divisi 2. Metode: Penelitian ini berjenis analitik observasional dengan sampel 20 pasien yang diukur posisi bibir bawahnya menggunakan metode analisa sefalometri E-Line yang kemudian diuji dengan uji statistik T berpasangan. Hasil: Didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.000 artinya terdapat  perubahan  posisi  bibir  bawah  terhadap  garis E-Line . Rata-rata posisi bibir bawah terhadap  garis E-Line  sebelum perawatan adalah 0.916 (standar deviasi 0.26) dan setelah perawatan adalah sebesar -0.784 (standar deviasi 0.336). Maka secara statistik terdapat  perubahan  posisi  bibir  bawah  terhadap  E-Line ke arah posterior. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan posisi  bibir  bawah  terhadap  E-Line  akibat  pencabutan gigi premolar atas kanan dan kiri pada pasien dengan Maloklusi Kelas II Divisi 2 ke arah posterior.

 

ABSTRACT

Background: malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth which onset since mixed dentition period.  Orthodontic treatment is not only to correct tooth position but also to fix a malrelation in morfologic and dentofacial complex problems.  Class II Division 2 Malocclusion has an incidence of 10 percent of population.  One of the methods to obtain space to correct the malocclusion is by extraction of premolars which could effect the soft tissue around face mainly the  lower lip position which could be moved to posterior compare to before treatment. But the response is individual. Purpose: to define the effect of premolar extraction to lower lip position in Class II Maluclusion Division 2. Methods: this is an observational analytic research with 20 samples of patients which measuring their lower lip position using E-line cephalometric analysis which then analysed by paired t-tets. Results: with p value of 0.000, this research shows a changing of lower lip to E-Line.  The mean value of lower lip to E-Line before treatment is 0.916 (deviation standard 0.26) and after treatment is -0.784 (deviation standard 0.336).  Then statistically it could be explained that there is a change of lower lip to E-Line. Conclusion: there is a change of lower lip to E-Line in orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in patients with Class II Division 2 Malocclusion.

 


Keywords


Posisi Bibir Bawah, E-line, Kelas II Divisi 2

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