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Uji in vitro Daya Hambat Ekstrak Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) dan Klorheksidin 2% terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
Abstract
Latar belakang: Kegagalan perawatan endodontik sering disebabkan oleh bakteri persisten di dalam saluran akar, salah satunya Staphylococcus aureus, bakteri Gram positif anaerob fakultatif. Tanaman gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) mengandung senyawa aktif seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Klorheksidin 2% merupakan bahan irigasi saluran akar dengan spektrum luas dan aktivitas antimikroba yang tahan lama. Tujuan: Penelitian in vitro ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas antibakteri antara ekstrak gambir dan klorheksidin 2% terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Metode: Penelitian in vitro ini menggunakan 24 sampel yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan, yaitu ekstrak gambir konsentrasi 2%, 3%, 4%, dan 5%, serta klorheksidin 2%. Uji daya hambat dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram, diukur dari diameter zona bening di sekitar cakram. Hasil: Ekstrak gambir dan klorheksidin 2% menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus. Rata-rata zona hambat ekstrak gambir 5% sebesar 0,95 mm, sedangkan klorheksidin 2% sebesar 13,9 mm. Meskipun klorheksidin menunjukkan nilai zona hambat lebih besar, perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara klorheksidin 2% dan ekstrak gambir 5% dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (p > 0,05). Namun, secara deskriptif, klorheksidin menunjukkan zona hambat lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak gambir.
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