Echo Chamber dan Eksklusivisme Beragama di Ruang Digital

Elis Teti Rusmiati; Filda Angellia; Radja Erland Hamzah

doi:10.32509/wacana.v24i1.4541

Echo Chamber dan Eksklusivisme Beragama di Ruang Digital

Elis Teti Rusmiati, Filda Angellia, Radja Erland Hamzah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of the echo chamber phenomenon on the rise of religious exclusivism in digital spaces, highlighting how social media algorithms reinforce homogeneous interactions and limit exposure to diverse perspectives. This research uses a mixed method approach combining content analysis, in-depth interviews, and participant observation on Facebook, Instagram, X (Twitter), and YouTube, data were collected from February 2022 to February 2024. The findings reveal that algorithmic personalization strengthens users’ confirmation bias and shapes closed digital communities that amplify exclusive religious narratives. Quantitative sentiment analysis of 203 online contents shows that negative and exclusive messages dominate public discourse, while qualitative interviews with 13 active users confirm that comfort within homogeneous groups discourages interfaith engagement. The study finds that digital echo chambers play an important role in weakening pluralism in online religious communication. It recommends enhancing digital literacy, promoting interfaith dialogue, and encouraging moderate influencers as strategies to mitigate algorithm-driven exclusivism. The research highlights the ethical importance of inclusive algorithms and the integration of pluralist values into digital religious education.

Keywords

echo chamber; religious exclusivism; social media; digital space; interfaith dialogue

Full Text:

PDF

References

Andok, M. (2023). Religious Filter Bubbles on Digital Public Sphere. Religions, 14(11), 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14111359

APJII. (2024, Februari 7). APJII Jumlah Pengguna Internet Indonesia Tembus 221 Juta Orang. https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-jumlah-pengguna-internet-indonesia-tembus-221-juta-orang

Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9), e2023301118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023301118

Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.) (Vol. 5th). SAGE Publications.

Dahlberg, L. (2007). Rethinking the fragmentation of the cyberpublic: From consensus to contestation. New Media & Society, 9(5), 827–847. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807081228

Faizin, B., Fitri, S. A., As, E., & Maylawati, D. S. (2024). Polarization of Religious Issues in Indonesia’s Social Media Society and Its Impact on Social Conflict. In Review. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3926320/v1

Farid, A. S. (2023). Penggunaan Media Sosial dalam Kampanye Politik dan Dampaknya Terhadap Partisipasipolitik dan Persepsi Publik. 4 (1), 45–50.

Ghifari, I. F. (2017). Radikalisme di Internet. Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 1(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v1i2.1391

Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT Press.

Ludovic Terren, L. T., & Rosa Borge-Bravo, R. B.-B. (2021). Echo Chambers on Social Media: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Review of Communication Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.028

Nasrullah, R. (2012). Politik Siber dan Terorisme Virtual. ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 13(1), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v13i1.724

Novak, C., Haselbacher, M., Mattes, A., & Limacher, K. (2022). Religious “Bubbles” in a Superdiverse Digital Landscape? Research with Religious Youth on Instagram. Religions, 13(3), 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13030213

Novita, N. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Memilih Pemilih Pemula Kota Padang Pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Kota Padang Tahun 2018.

Papacharissi, Z. A. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Polity.

Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What The Internet Is Hiding From You. Penguin Books.

Sari, Y. (2024). Metodelogi Penelitian Komunikasi Kualitatif. CV.Mitra Edukasi Negeri.

Sebastião, S. P. (2013). Zizi Papacharissi (2010, Malden, MA: Polity Press), A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age. Comunicação e Sociedade, 23, 306–309. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.23(2013).1631

Sellita. (2022). Media Sosial dan Pemilu: Studi Kasus Pemilihan Presiden Indonesia. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 10(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v10i3.293

Sugiyono & Lestari. (2021). Metode Penelitian Komunikasi. Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Sunarto, A. (2017). Dampak Media Sosial Terhadap Paham Radikalisme. Nuansa : Jurnal Studi Islam dan Kemasyarakatan, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.29300/nuansa.v10i2.647

Sunstein, C. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton University Press.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v24i1.4541